Pilgrimage Tourism in Samarkand: Growth Trends and Strategic Development Opportunities

Abstrak

Pilgrimage tourism has emerged as a vital driver of cultural and economic development in Uzbekistan, with Samarkand serving as one of its most prominent destinations due to its rich Islamic heritage. Despite the city’s global recognition and increasing visitor numbers, the full economic and strategic potential of pilgrimage tourism remains underutilized. This study addresses the existing knowledge gap concerning the localized development models for  tourism and evaluates how cluster-based strategies can enhance its economic effectiveness. Employing a mixed-method approach, the research combines surveys of 300 domestic and international tourists, 20 stakeholder interviews, field observations, and secondary data analysis from national and international sources. The results reveal a substantial rise in both domestic and foreign visitors from 2020 to 2023, alongside a significant increase in tourism-generated revenue. However, challenges such as underdeveloped infrastructure, commercialization of sacred spaces, and limited digital integration continue to hinder sustainable growth. Applying Porter’s Diamond Model and SWOT analysis, the study identifies strategic opportunities to strengthen Samarkand’s competitive advantage through a pilgrimage tourism cluster. The findings imply that coordinated planning, digital innovation, and stakeholder engagement are essential for enhancing service quality and protecting cultural heritage. This research contributes theoretically by contextualizing global cluster models within Islamic pilgrimage settings and practically by offering policy recommendations for local authorities. Further research is suggested in the areas of religious tourism governance frameworks and the long-term socio-economic impact of  tourism on regional development.

Kata Kunci